“There are five fundamental operations in mathematics,” the German mathematician Martin Eichler supposedly said. “Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and modular forms.” Part of the joke, ...

Bilinear forms and character sums have emerged as pivotal tools in analytic number theory, offering robust frameworks for investigating sums wherein variables ...

This research described a new perceptual phenomenon of bistability induced by partial occlusion of digital numerals. Results of experiments using visual adaptation indicate that this perceptual ...