The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

In 2024, the T2K Collaboration started to collect new neutrino data following several upgrades to the experiment that included new types of detectors. One of these, called SuperFGD, has a mass of ...

In three-dimensional particle physics, elementary particles divide nicely into fermions and bosons. But in lower-dimensions, things aren’t so clear cut. These dimensions host a “third kingdom” of ...

Physicists at the ATLAS detector of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have spotted top quarks — the heaviest of all known elementary particles — that were produced by the collision of atomic nuclei 1.

An international research team has sparked interest in the scientific community with results in quantum physics. In their current study, the researchers reinterpret the Higgs mechanism, which gives ...

Suggested Citation: "Appendix: Glossary, Abbreviations, and Acronyms." National Research Council. 1998. Elementary-Particle Physics: Revealing the Secrets of Energy and Matter. Washington, DC: The ...

Here’s what you’ll learn when reading this story: When you drill down into the very fabric of reality—where elementary particles make up the matter that is you and me and everything around us in three ...

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...

In July 2012, physicists at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Europe triumphantly announced the discovery of the Higgs boson, the long-sought linchpin of the subatomic world. Interacting with Higgs ...

Tiny little threads whizzing through spacetime and vibrating incessantly: this is roughly how you can imagine the universe, according to string theory. The various vibrations of the threads generate ...

Physicists have created the first Bose-Einstein condensate — the mysterious ”‘fifth state” of matter — made from quasiparticles, entities that do not count as elementary particles but that can still ...

Subnuclear physics obeys the laws of quantum mechanics, which are quite a far cry from those of classical mechanics we are accustomed to. For that reason, one might be inclined to believe that ...