纤维化疾病约占全球死亡率的45%，但目前尚无临床批准的抗纤维化疗法。在各类纤维化疾病中，肝脏纤维化——作为慢性肝病的病理标志——是由细胞外基质（ECM）的过度沉积所驱动，这一过程对临床进展具有决定性影响。

Haematopoietic progenitors proliferate during infections, even in the absence of peripheral cytopenia. Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) respond to both direct and indirect signals during infection.