The PAL family continued to evolve into the late 1980s, with faster, lower-power devices, including ones that could be reprogrammed. The most complex device type developed was probably the PAL22V10, ...

Figure 1 Use a portion of a programmable-logic device or gate array to implement a Schmitt-trigger buffer (a) by adding either two (b) or four external resistors (c). Thanks to its internal hysteresis ...

Do you speak GAL? [Peterzieba] does, and has pulled together a collection of documents and tools so that you can too. There’s a dividing line in electronic engineering education, between those who ...

Back in the bad old days, if you needed a little bit of custom logic you would whip out a tiny chip known as a PAL. A Programmable Logic Array is just what it sounds like and is the forerunner of ...

A programmable logic controller (PLC) is an industrial solid-state computer that monitors inputs and outputs, and makes logic-based decisions for automated processes or machines. 1. The image above is ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

Microchip has introduced a 32 logic elements programmable logic array into a microcontroller. Each logic element can simulate AND, OR, NAND or NOR gate, a buffer or inverting buffer, a D or JK ...

The paper describes how, with a SOPC (System on a Programmable Chip) architecture embedded with a 32-Bit NIOS-II, a Layer 2 Ethernet switch can be implemented in a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) ...