There is a distinction that one learns about on the first day of a course in psychological research methods. It is the difference between internal and external validity. Internal validity is ...

证据是循证医学的核心要素之一，在临床实践中，对证据的内部效度（internal validity）和外部效度（external validity，即研究结果适用于各种临床实践环境和情形的程度）进行严格评估是必不可少的，其中证据的内部效度评价尤为关键。包括世界卫生组织（WHO）在内 ...

There is a distinction that one learns about on the first day of a course in psychological research methods. It is the difference between internal and external validity. Internal validity is ...

The three-step process shown in Table 2 can be used to assess the validity of a study's findings and determine if they are relevant to readers' practices. The first step in establishing validity is to ...

The following discussion is based on the framework of Campbell and Stanley, [1] in that specific threats to establishing a cause-and-effect relationship (i.e., internal validity) are associated with ...

Study design: Measurement evaluation of the external and structural components of validity. Objectives: To examine the relationships between quality of life (QOL) as measured by the spinal cord injury ...

Variability is inevitable in experiments owing to both biological and technical effects. Whereas technical variability should be tightly controlled to enhance the internal validity of the results, ...