Abstract: Monitoring the temperature of permanent-magnet synchronous motors is crucial to prevent failures in sensitive components such as windings and permanent magnets. In this respect, machine ...

In nature, solids are defined as objects or materials with an ordered structure. Conversely, fluids are substances that can flow without resistance. Scientists first proposed the concept of a solid ...

Abstract: Understanding and accurately predicting complex three-dimensional (3D) temperature distributions are critical in diverse domains, including climate science and industrial process ...