The Baltic Sea salinity is modelled using a two-box model. The simplistic approach allows for very long integrations where a large part of the phase space of the model can be probed. Particular ...

The common techniques for solving two-point boundary value problems can be classified as either "shooting" or "finite difference" methods. Central to a shooting method is the ability to integrate the ...

When a valuation of a company is made, it is done by modelling future cash flows and discounting them to the present-day value in a discounted cash flow model. Fundamentally, this relies on the ...

Abstract: To realize the state estimation of linear continuous-time fractional-order systems, the fractional-order Kalman filter (FOKF) is designed to solve problem on the initial value influence. By ...

Numerical Solution for Ordinary Differential Equations - Euler, Ralston's Second-Order RK, Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta, NSS Heun, Adams-Bashforts, Adams-Moulton ...

What Does Value Learning Problem Mean? The value learning problem is a specific fundamental issue in the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies that addresses the ...

Abstract: In this manuscript we deal with non-homogeneous n-th order linear differential equations that have fuzzy initial conditions. We assume that the initial conditions are given by fuzzy numbers ...